| GRID-TIE |
- Cheapest and less complex plant design
- Lower equipment and installation time
- High inverter efficiency due to high DC application
- Easily repairable or replaceable parts
- Highly scalable
|
- Cannot operate without grid supply
- Completely grid dependent
- Investment risk if DISCOM net-metering rules change
- Repair knowledge among installers is often limited
|
| OFF-GRID |
- Independent of utility grid
- Best for remote and rural electrification
- Energy self-sufficient solution
- Cheaper than extending transmission lines
|
- Oversizing required for cloudy conditions
- Expensive due to batteries and DG backup
- Low utilization if load is unavailable
- Limited scalability
|
| HYBRID |
- True independence from utility grid
- Combines grid-tie, UPS, and generator features
- Allows sale of excess power to DISCOM or private party
- Acts as backup during grid failure
- Smart optimization between battery, grid, DG, and load
- Can export battery power during peak tariff periods
|
- Requires expert system design
- Scalability limitations compared to grid-tie
|
